Please advise on p settings. Thanks.

support

Hello.

Ok, if it is just an example, I reveal it.

You sent me this strategy:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd

def  mySettings():
    settings = {}
    settings['markets'] = ['F_CL', 'F_BC']
    settings['beginInSample'] = '20171115'
    settings['endInSample'] = '20210201'
    settings['lookback'] = 84
    settings['budget'] = 10**6
    settings['slippage'] = 0.05
    settings['zthreshold'] = 1.75
    settings['p'] = np.array([0., 0.])
    settings['count'] = 0
    return settings

def myTradingSystem(DATE, CLOSE, exposure, equity, settings):
    s1 = pd.Series(CLOSE[-settings['lookback']:,0])
    s2 = pd.Series(CLOSE[-settings['lookback']:,1])

    # Compute mean of the spread up to now
    mvavg = np.mean(np.log(s1/s2))

    # Compute stdev of the spread up to now
    stdev = np.std(np.log(s1/s2))

    # Compute spread
    current_spread = np.log(CLOSE[-1,0] / CLOSE[-1,1])

    # Compute z-score
    zscore = (current_spread - mvavg) / stdev if stdev > 0 else 0

    p = settings['p']

    if zscore >= settings['zthreshold']:
        p = np.array([-0.5,0.5])
        settings['p'] = p
    elif zscore <= -settings['zthreshold']:
        p = np.array([0.5,-0.5])
        settings['p'] = p
    else:
        p = settings['p']

    return p, settings

support

At first, I rewrote it using the multi-pass approach:

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import xarray as xr

import qnt.data as qndata
import qnt.ta as qnta
import qnt.backtester as qnbt
import qnt.stats as qns


zthreshold =  1.75
lookback_trading_days = 84
markets = ['F_CL', 'F_BC']


def load_data(period):
    return qndata.futures_load_data(assets=markets, tail=period)


def strategy(data):
    close = data.sel(field='close', asset=markets).transpose('time', 'asset')
    s1 = close[-lookback_trading_days:, 0]
    s2 = close[-lookback_trading_days:, 1]
    
    # Compute mean of the spread up to now
    mvavg = np.mean(np.log(s1/s2))
    
    # Compute stdev of the spread up to now
    stdev = np.std(np.log(s1/s2))
    
    # Compute spread
    current_spread = np.log(close[-1, 0] / close[-1, 1])

    # Compute z-score
    zscore = (current_spread - mvavg) / stdev if stdev > 0 else 0
    
    if zscore >= zthreshold:
        p = [-0.5,0.5]
    elif zscore <= -zthreshold:
        p = [0.5,-0.5]
    else:
        p = [0,0] # there is no way to use variable 'p' from previous pass
        # So, probably, the strategy is broken (*)
    
    return xr.DataArray(p, dims=['asset'], coords=dict(asset=markets))


weights = qnbt.backtest(
    competition_type= "futures",
    load_data= load_data,
    lookback_period= 365,
    start_date= "2006-01-01",
    strategy= multi_pass_strategy
)

Unfortunately, the backtester does not support passing variables between iterations (*). So this conversion is not fully correct.

support

Next, I modified this strategy using the single-pass approach.

import numpy as np
import pandas as pd
import xarray as xr

import qnt.data as qndata
import qnt.ta as qnta
import qnt.backtester as qnbt
import qnt.output as qnout
import qnt.stats as qns


zthreshold =  1.75
lookback_trading_days = 84
markets = ['F_CL', 'F_BC']


def single_pass_strategy(data):
    close = data.sel(field='close', asset=markets).transpose('time', 'asset')
    s1 = close.sel(asset=markets[0])
    s2 = close.sel(asset=markets[1])
       
    # Compute mean of the spread up to now
    mvavg = np.log(s1 / s2).rolling(time=lookback_trading_days, min_periods=2).mean()
    
    # Compute stdev of the spread up to now
    stdev = np.log(s1 / s2).rolling(time=lookback_trading_days, min_periods=2).std()
       
    
    # Compute spread
    current_spread = np.log(s1/s2)
    
    # Compute z-score
    zscore = xr.where(stdev > 0, (current_spread - mvavg) / stdev, 0)
    
    p1 = xr.where(zscore >= zthreshold, -0.5, xr.where(zscore <= -zthreshold, 0.5, np.nan))
    p2 = xr.where(zscore >= zthreshold, 0.5, xr.where(zscore <= -zthreshold, -0.5, np.nan))
    
    p = xr.concat([p1, p2], pd.Index(markets, name='asset'))
    
    p = p.ffill('time') # (*)
    
    return p


data = qndata.futures_load_data(assets=markets, min_date='2005-01-01')
output = single_pass_strategy(data)
output = qnout.clean(output, data)
qnout.write(output)
stat = qns.calc_stat(data, output)
display(stat.to_pandas().tail())


# Or you can use the backtester to check looking forward.
#
# def load_data(period):
#     return qndata.futures_load_data(assets=markets, tail=period)

# weights = qnbt.backtest(
#     competition_type= "futures",
#     load_data= load_data,
#     lookback_period= 2*365,
#     start_date= "2006-01-01",
#     strategy= single_pass_strategy
# )

As you see, this strategy calculates the whole output series in one pass using vector operations. It calculates p, when it is possible and uses ffill to fill missed values (*).

support

How do I align the two series (dropna for both) to make sure I'm using good data for both series on the same dates?

When you use the backtester or data load functions, you receive one xarray.DataArray as an argument. All data is already aligned. When the data is not available for some assets on some days, you will see the NaN value there.
You can use dropna or ffill

When I generate a buy signal, that is when the zscore < -zthreshold, how do I make the allocation to buy Contract1 and sell Contract2.

In the same way as it was in the previous backtester. But use xarray instead of np.array.

How do I keep that allocation when the backtest runs for the next day and so on until the signal changes to sell or the algo sends an exit signal?

There is no way to do that yet. We already created a feature request for this. Share the state between iterations

I wrote an example of how to bypass this in your strategy. But I understand that it is not the easiest way... Well, we will inform you when we add this feature to the new backtester.

Regards.

spancham

Hi @support,
Fantastico! Thank you very much, you are very helpful!!
I'll try these out.
Much appreciated!

spancham

Hi @support,
I seem to be getting this error:

Wrong output dimensions.  ('time', 'asset') is not ('asset',)
100% (1289 of 1289) |####################| Elapsed Time: 0:00:00 ETA:  00:00:00

Please advise.

Also, for a different strategy can you help me with the line of code that will tell me how many assets (the count) are up today:

today = data.sel(field="close")
yesterday = data.sel(field="close").shift(time=1)
uptoday = today.isel(-1) > yesterday.isel[-1]

How do I count how many are uptoday?

Thanks for your help, greatly appreciated as always.

support

@spancham

Wrong output dimensions.

I guess you see this error when you try to run the second example using qnbt.backtest

There was a requirement to return 1d array from the strategy function, so you can modify the code this way:

weights = qnbt.backtest(
    competition_type= "futures",
    lookback_period= 2*365,
    start_date= "2006-01-01",
    strategy= lambda d: single_pass_strategy(d).isel(time=-1)
)

Recently, we updated the library: added the optimizer, and slightly improved the backtest function. Now it extracts the last day automatically. So you can just update the library, run this in your env:

 conda install 'quantiacs-source::qnt>=0.0.228'

support

@spancham said in Please advise on p settings. Thanks.:

Also, for a different strategy can you help me with the line of code that will tell me how many assets (the count) are up today:

print(len(uptoday.isel(time=-1).dropna('asset').asset))

Does it suit?

Regards.

spancham

Hi @support
Thank you, I'll try that.

albertjohn6126553

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